martes, 4 de noviembre de 2008
lunes, 3 de noviembre de 2008
Jamaica's population consists mainly of people of African descent, comprising over 90% of the demographics. There are 90,000 East Indians who make up 3.2% of the population. Over 33,000 White people (mostly composed of 26,000 British, Irish, and German Jamaicans) make up 1.2% of the population. 70,000 Chinese make up 2.5% of the population, and over 20,000 Lebanese make up 0.7% of the population. Multiracial Jamaicans make up 6.2% of the population. Immigration has been rising from Cuba, Colombia, and other Latin American countries; 8,000 Latin Americans currently reside in Jamaica. 7,000 Americans also reside in Jamaica, most of whom are part of the White demographics.
Language
The official language of Jamaica is English. Informally Jamaican Patois more commonly spoken by a majority of the population. Although British English or "The Queen's English" is the most obvious influence on patois, it includes words and syntax from various African languages other European languages (Spanish, Portuguese, and French); Pre-Columbian Caribbean languages; and Asian languages (Hindi, Hakka and Cantonese), evidence of historical admixture. In general, patois differs from English in pronunciation, grammar, nominal orthography and syntax, having many intonations to indicate meaning and mood.
Religion
Christians make up 65.3% of Jamaica's population, with the majority being Protestant, partly due to the influence of the Christian leadership in the British Anti-Slavery Society, and the later influence of abolitionist denominations from the U.S. In spite of resistance by the slave owners, the Christian faith spread rapidly as British Christian abolitionists and educated former slaves joined local Jamaican Christian leaders in the struggle against slavery. Today, the five largest denominations in Jamaica are: Church of God, Seventh-day Adventist, Baptist, Pentecostal and Anglican.
The Rastafari movement was founded in Jamaica. This Back to Africa movement believes that Haile Selassie of Ethiopia was God incarnate, the returned black messiah, come to take the lost Twelve Tribes of Israel back to live with him in Holy Mount Zion in a world of perfect peace, love and harmony. Bob Marley, a convert to the faith, spread the message of Rastafari to the world. There are now estimated to be more than a million Rastafarians throughout the world.
Other non-Christian religions in Jamaica include Bahá'í, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. There is also a small population of Jews, about 200, who describe themselves as Liberal-Conservative. The first Jews in Jamaica trace their roots back to early 15th century Spain and Portugal.
Culture
Though a small nation, Jamaica is rich in culture, and has a strong global presence. The musical genres reggae, ska, mento, rocksteady, dub, and, more recently, dancehall and ragga all originated in the island's vibrant, popular urban recording industry. Jamaica also played an important role in the development of punk rock, through reggae and ska. Reggae has also influenced American rap music, as they both share their roots as rhythmic, African styles of music. Some rappers, such as the Notorious B.I.G.,Doug E. Fresh, and Heavy D were of Jamaican descent. Internationally known reggae musician Bob Marley was born in Jamaica and is very respected there. Many other internationally known artists were born in Jamaica including Rebelution Lee "Scratch" Perry, Peter Tosh, Bunny Wailer, Big Youth, Jimmy Cliff, Dennis Brown, Desmond Dekker, Beres Hammond, Beenie Man, Shaggy, Grace Jones, Shabba Ranks, Supercat, Buju Banton, Sean Paul, I Wayne, Capleton, Bounty Killer and many others. Famous band artist groups that came from Jamaica include Black Uhuru, Third World Band, Inner Circle, Chalice Reggae Band, Culture, Fab Five, and Morgan Heritage. The genre jungle emerged from London's Jamaican diaspora. The birth of hip-hop in New York also owed much to the city's Jamaican community.
Ian Fleming, who lived in Jamaica, repeatedly used the island as a setting in the James Bond novels, including Live and Let Die, Doctor No, For Your Eyes Only, The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy. In addition, James Bond uses a Jamaica-based cover in Casino Royale. So far, the only Bond film to have been set in Jamaica is Doctor No. However, filming for the fictional island of San Monique in Live and Let Die took place in Jamaica.
The American film Cocktail, starring Tom Cruise, is one of the most popular films to depict Jamaica. A look at delinquent youth in Jamaica is presented in the 1970s cops-and-robbers musical film The Harder They Come, starring Jimmy Cliff as a frustrated (and psychopathic) reggae musician who descends into a murderous crime spree.
Errol Flynn lived with his third wife Patrice Wymore in Port Antonio in the 1950s. He was responsible for developing tourism to this area, popularising raft trips down rivers on bamboo rafts.
Jamaicans, in general, have a large interest in sports. Cricket, Football (soccer), athletics and horse-racing are several popular sports. The Jamaican national cricket team competes regionally, and also provides players for the West Indies. The national football team qualified for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Jamaican athletics have been well represented at the Olympics, World Championships and other major athletics events over the years with leading athletes obtaining medals. Usain Bolt, world record holder in the 100m for men at 9.69s, and 200m for men at 19.30s is among a rich heritage of Jamaican sprinters to compete on the world stage. They have also boasted athletes such as Delloreen Ennis-London, Veronica Campbell, Brigitte Foster-Hylton and former 100m world record holder Asafa Powell. The Jamaica national bobsled team was once a serious contender in the Winter Olympics, beating many well-established teams.
There is a notable amount of golf in Jamaica, but it appears to be focused on the international tourism market.
In the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Usain Bolt of Jamaica won three gold medals and broke the World Records for the 100 and 200 meters sprint races respectively. 400 m hurdler Melaine Walker, won a gold medal and broke the Olympic record time in her event. Veronica Campbell-Brown successfully defended her 200 m title when she claimed gold. Shelly-Ann Fraser won gold in the women's 100 m sprint, with her team mates Kerron Stewart and Sherone Simpson coming in joint second for two silver medals. The Jamaican men's 4 x 100 metres relay team consisting of Asafa Powell, Usain Bolt, Michael Frater and Nesta Carter passed the finishing line in a World Record time of 37.10 seconds. This was 0.3 seconds quicker than the previous record set by the American relay team in 1992 and 1993, the margin is equivalent to three metres. Overall, the Jamaican 2008 Olympics team finished with a rank of 13 out of 204 competing nations. The 11 medals consisted of 6 golds, 3 silvers and 2 bronze.
Education
The emancipation of the slaves heralded in the establishment of the Jamaican education system for the masses. Prior to emancipation there were few schools for educating locals. Many sent their children off to England to access quality education.
After emancipation the West Indian Commission granted a sum of money to establish Elementary Schools, now known as All Age Schools. Most of these schools were established by the churches. This was the genesis of the modern Jamaican school system:
Presently the following categories of schools exist:
Early childhood – Basic, Infant and privately operated pre- school. Age cohort – 1 – 5 years.
Primary – Publicly and privately owned (Privately owned being called Preparatory Schools). Ages 5 – 10 years.
Secondary – Publicly and privately owned. Ages 10 – 18 years. The high schools in Jamaica may be either single-sex or co-educational institutions, and many schools follow the traditional English grammar school model used throughout the British West Indies.
Tertiary - Community Colleges, Teachers’ Colleges with The Mico Teachers' College(now The MICO University College) being the oldest founded in 1836, Vocational Training Centres, Colleges and Universities - Publicly and privately owned. There are five local universities namely: The University of the West Indies (Mona Campus); the University of Technology, Jamaica formerly The College of Art Science and Technology (CAST); the Northern Caribbean University; the University College of The Caribbean and the International University of the Caribbean. Additionally there are many teacher training and who is community colleges.
Education is free from the early childhood to secondary levels. There are also opportunities for those who cannot afford further education in the vocational arena through the Human Employment and Resource Training-National Training Agency (HEART Trust-NTA) programme and through an extensive scholarship network for the various universities.
Economy
Jamaica is a mixed economy with state enterprises as well as private sector businesses. Major sectors of the Jamaican economy include agriculture, mining, manufacturing, tourism and financial and insurance services. Tourism and mining are the leading foreign exchange earners.
Supported by multilateral financial institutions, Jamaica has, since the early 1980s, sought to implement structural reforms aimed at fostering private sector activity and increasing the role of market forces in resource allocation. Since 1991, the Government has followed a programme of economic liberalization and stabilization by removing exchange controls, floating the exchange rate, cutting tariffs, stabilising the Jamaican currency, reducing inflation and removing restrictions on foreign investment. Emphasis has been placed on maintaining strict fiscal discipline, greater openness to trade and financial flows, market liberalisation and reduction in the size of government. During this period, a large share of the economy was returned to private sector ownership through divestment and privatisation programmes.
The macroeconomic stabilisation programme introduced in 1991, which focused on tight fiscal and monetary policies, has contributed to a controlled reduction in the rate of inflation. The annual inflation rate has decreased from a high of 80.2% in 1991 to 7.9% in 1998. inflation for FY1998/99 was 6.2% compared to 7.2% in the corresponding period in CUU1997/98. The Government of Jamaica remains committed to lowering inflation, with a long-term objective of bringing it in line with that of its major trading partners.After a period of steady growth from 1985 to 1995, real GDP decreased by 1.8% and 2.4% in 1996 and 1997, respectively. The decrease in GDP in 1996 and 1997 was largely due to significant problems in the financial sector and, in 1997, a severe island-wide drought (the worst in 70 years) that drastically reduced agricultural production. In 1997, nominal GDP was approximately J$220,556.2 million (US$6,198.9 million based on the average annual exchange rate of the period).
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STUDIES SECUNDARY Highschool
College Santa Mariana de JesusBogotá, 2000 - 2005
UNIVERSITY Sabana UniversityFaculty of psychology
VI SemesterPractice in clinical psychology
Seminary of Consumideiror psychology
Sabana University .2005
ABILITIES I can to make your organization a good quality and effectiveness in the area is assigned to me, I am a responsible person and adaptable for this job because I have commitment and desire to work in his company.
What the surveys say?
However, looking at all the surveys carried out over the months, it seems that race is less important than sex (referring Hillary Clinton vs. Barak Obama). An analysis by CNN[i] says that 76 percent of Americans would accept a person of color in office, while 63 percent would support a woman president. Well, up here all right, but it is true that not everyone says what he thinks and that in this country, not just the "whites" have decision-making power.
Still, it's impossible to avoid comments like "this country has always been controlled by a white America is too racist to accept a black as president." Above all, such statements are made between the Hispanic electorate, for cultural references that has never find a common point with African Americans.
Obama has moved away from more radical positions, such as those adopted at its day as referring Marthin Luther King and Malcolm X. With this determination, the senator from Illinois has tried to make clear that if he became president, the color of their skin does not play any role in making decisions regarding racial issues are concerned.
By Catalina Delgado, Tatiana Granados and Karen Moreno
domingo, 2 de noviembre de 2008
Problem Solution Essay
It’s very hard to convince an adolescent to believe in a peaceful life with all the goals that we dream completed in our oldness if all the things can be reached being youth or early adult. On the other hand, unfortunately the comparison between an person that starts to be adult and one that begin to be old shows disadvantages for the second; even more if we made a relation with two old persons, would leave harmed the one that shows more number or most difficult problems has. In order to represent that difference better, I think in an example to notice how we choose the perspective about ageing. Then we flip a coin, the answer can be only to options, heads or tails. With the ageing happen the same, but the options should be the development theory or the capitalism influence. The first option presents the good side of accept the natural process, with the principal faculty that all the society give to the big adults, the wisdom. The experience and the knowledge adquired across the time are behaviours that can’t be imitated and the speech is full of feelings and certainty, characteristics like this are those that give a real value to arrive at old phase, and if we also added the miracle of the lineage and share the life with a boy (to be able to have grandsons), the popular phrase fits “is necessary live it to count it”.
Although we have the second option, that guide us to the massive communication slogan “the youth is the key to be successful”; only if we have a good appearance and follow the prototypes of the anxious socioeconomic life that governs in the epoch, can be recognized. For that reason, an old man that has physical decrease or some kind of illness is put far of the work. With time, this person starts to disturb the life style of the other family members and with sadness, finish in a retirement house, a psychiatric center or worse, the street. It’s complicated to not have fear about a future that brings pain and solitude; and the possible solution is try to become in a mad mix of youth and oldness or die.
It is necessary to cross a very long way to break with the paradigms about the aging, but I know that a mature and positive person forehead to the life will recognize the beauty to watch back and to see the tread of her work, without regretting not being what was.
By: Catalina Delgado, Tatiana Granados and Karen Moreno
